.net core 2.0 Code First Fluent API配置

A.net core 2.0新特性支持通过IEntityTypeConfiguration<>添加Code First配置到一个封装类。

新建目标框架为.NET Core类库

新建完了以后右键点击程序集，选择属性，选择目标框架为.NET Core 2.0

在EntityFrameworkCore程序集中添加类User（用户）、Address（用户住址）、Book（书）、Author（作者）。这里不讨论各个类设计的合理性和程序架构，主要目的是为了演示各个类之间的关系配置。

User和Address类用于演示配置1-0..1关系。User和Book用于演示1-N，即1对多关系。Book和Author用于演示N-N关系，即多对多关系。

注意：在EF6.x中，当配置1-0..1关系时，附属表的主键值可以与主表的主键相同，主表对应这里的User,附属表对应Address，而由于篇幅有限，在.net core 2.0中不讨论此实现，即每个表都有自己的主键，表关联都通过外键作为实现。

User表实现如下

usingSystem;namespaceEntityFrameworkCore{/// <summary>/// 用户模型/// </summary>publicsealedclassUser{publicUser(){ ID =Guid.NewGuid();TimeCreated=DateTime.Now;}publicGuid ID {get;privateset;}/// <summary>/// 用户名称/// </summary>publicstringName{get;set;}/// <summary>/// 用户登录密码/// </summary>publicstringPassword{get;set;}/// <summary>/// 用户创建时间/// </summary>publicDateTimeTimeCreated{get;privateset;}publicAddressAddress{get;set;}}}

Address表实现如下

using System;namespace EntityFrameworkCore

{

///

/// 用户地址模型

///

public sealed class Address

{

public Address()

{

ID = Guid.NewGuid();

TimeCreated = DateTime.Now;

}

public Guid ID { get; private set; } ///

/// 国家

///

public string Country { get; set; } ///

/// 省

///

public string Province { get; set; } ///

/// 城市

///

public string City { get; set; } ///

/// 区/县

///

public string Area { get; set; } ///

/// 街道

///

public string Street { get; set; } ///

/// 创建时间

///

public DateTime TimeCreated { get; private set; } ///

/// 用户ID

///

public Guid UserID { get; set; } public User User { get; set; }

}

}

Book实现如下

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;namespace EntityFrameworkCore

{

///

/// 书模型

///

public sealed class Book

{

public Book()

{

ID = Guid.NewGuid();

TimeCreated = DateTime.Now;

} public Guid ID { get; private set; }

public DateTime TimeCreated { get; private set; }

///

/// 书名

///

public string Name { get; set; } ///

/// 出版号

///

public string PublicNo { get; set; } public List Authors { get; set; }

}

}

Author实现如下

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;namespace EntityFrameworkCore

{

///

/// 作者模型

///

public sealed class Author

{

public Author()

{

ID = Guid.NewGuid();

TimeCreated = DateTime.Now;

} public Guid ID { get; private set; } public DateTime TimeCreated { get; private set; } ///

/// 作者名字

///

public string Name { get; set; } public List Books { get; set; }

}

}

点击工具->NuGet包管理器->程序包管理控制台，在程序包管理控制台中输入命令：Install-Package Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.SqlServer

在EntityFrameworkCore中添加文件夹ModelConfigs

1-0..1关系配置User—Address：

using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;

using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Metadata.Builders;namespace EntityFrameworkCore.ModelConfigs

{

public sealed class UserConfig:IEntityTypeConfiguration

{

public void Configure(EntityTypeBuilder builder)

{

builder.HasKey(q => q.ID);

builder.Property(q => q.Name).HasMaxLength().IsRequired();

builder.Property(q => q.Password).HasMaxLength().IsRequired();

builder.Property(q => q.TimeCreated).IsRequired(); //使用HasOne和WithOne两个扩展方法对User表和Address表进行1-1关系配置

builder.HasOne(q => q.Address).WithOne(q => q.User).HasForeignKey

(q => q.UserID);

}

}

}
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;

using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Metadata.Builders;namespace EntityFrameworkCore.ModelConfigs

{

public sealed class AddressConfig: IEntityTypeConfiguration

{

public void Configure(EntityTypeBuilder

builder)

{

builder.HasKey(q => q.ID);

builder.Property(q => q.Area).HasMaxLength().IsRequired();

builder.Property(q => q.City).HasMaxLength().IsRequired();

builder.Property(q => q.Country).HasMaxLength().IsRequired();

builder.Property(q => q.Province).HasMaxLength().IsRequired();

builder.Property(q => q.Street).HasMaxLength().IsRequired();

builder.Property(q => q.TimeCreated).IsRequired();

builder.Property(q => q.UserID).IsRequired();

}

}

}

UserConfig和AddressConfig分别对User表数据和Address表数据进行了配置，添加FluentApiDemoDbContext类并继承DbContext，微软官方解释DbContext实例是一个带有数据库的会话并且能用于添加和查询实体。FluentApiDemoDbContext类代码如下：

using System;

using System.Linq;

using System.Reflection;

using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;namespace EntityFrameworkCore

{

public class FluentApiDemoDbContext : DbContext

{

public FluentApiDemoDbContext(DbContextOptions options) : base(options)

{

} public DbSet User { get; set; } public DbSet

Address { get; set; } protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)

{

base.OnModelCreating(modelBuilder); var typesToRegister = Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().GetTypes()

.Where(q => q.GetInterface(typeof(IEntityTypeConfiguration<>).FullName) != null); foreach (var type in typesToRegister)

{ dynamic configurationInstance = Activator.CreateInstance(type);

modelBuilder.ApplyConfiguration(configurationInstance);

} }

}

}

如果这里直接把EntityFrameworkCore设为启动项，当在程序包管理控制台中输入：Update-Database时将报错：Unable to create an object of type ‘FluentApiDemoDbContext’. Add an implementation of ‘IDesignTimeDbContextFactory<FluentApiDemoDbContext>’ to the project, or seehttps://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=851728for additional patterns supported at design time.提示需要添加一个IDesignTimeDbContextFactory<FluentApiDemoDbContext>的实现，这里如果是用Console写Demo，那么可以自行实现该接口，在该文中我将添加WebApi作为启用项。Startup.cs内容如下：

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder;

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;

using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;

using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;

using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;

using EntityFrameworkCore;namespace WebApi

{

public class Startup

{

public Startup(IConfiguration configuration)

{

Configuration = configuration;

} public IConfiguration Configuration { get; } // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add services to the container.

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)

{

services.AddMvc();

var connection = @”Server=(localdb)\mssqllocaldb;Database=FluentApiDemoDb;Trusted_Connection=True;”;

services.AddDbContextPool(options => options.UseSqlServer(connection));

} // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline.

public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env)

{

if (env.IsDevelopment())

{

app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();

} app.UseMvc();

}

}

}

配置以后将该WebApi项目设置为启动项，在程序包管理控制台中输入：Add-Migration Initial以启动迁移。完成以后，项目会添加Migraions文件夹，

在程序包管理控制台中输入：Update-Database以完成数据迁移。完成后打开：视图->SQL Server对象资源管理器，可以查看比较具体的数据结构。

这里着重要看Address表中的UserID,UserID做为Address表的外键是非空的，按照文章开头说的1-0..1关系，这里只实现了1-1，并没有实现1-0关系，更改AddressConfig中的关系配置为：

…

builder.HasOne(q => q.User).WithOne(q => q.Address).HasForeignKey<Address>(q => q.UserID).IsRequired(false);

并更改Address中的代码为：

…

public Guid? UserID { get; set; }

添加迁移并更新到数据库

1-N关系配置，1个用户拥有多本书。在User表中添加

…
public List<Book> Books { get; set; }

Book表中添加

…
public Guid? UserID { get; set; }

public User User { get; set; }

在ModelConfigs中添加BookConfig

using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;

using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Metadata.Builders;namespace EntityFrameworkCore.ModelConfigs

{

public sealed class BookConfig: IEntityTypeConfiguration

{

public void Configure(EntityTypeBuilder builder)

{

builder.HasKey(q => q.ID);

builder.Property(q => q.Name).HasMaxLength().IsRequired();

builder.Property(q => q.PublicNo).HasMaxLength().IsRequired(); builder.HasOne(q => q.User).WithMany(q => q.Books).HasForeignKey(q => q.UserID).IsRequired(false);

}

}

}

在FluentApiDemoDbContext中注册实体

…
public DbSet<Book> Book { get; set; }

在程序包管理控制台中添加迁移并更新到数据库：

N-N关系配置，当使用EF6.x时，配置多对多关系，EF会自动生成中间表，在.net core中，需要手动添加关系表，实际上在EF6.x中当配置多对多关系时，也可以通过中间表配置1对多的方式实现多对多。

这里通过Book表和Author表实现多对多关系配置。一个作者可以有多本书，一本书有多个作者。

首先添加关系表AuthorsInBooks

using System;namespace EntityFrameworkCore

{

public sealed class AuthorsInBooks

{

public Guid BookID { get; set; }

public Book Book { get; set; } public Guid AuthorID { get; set; } public Author Author { get; set; }

}

}

同时更改Books表

public List<Author> Authors { get; set; }改为public List<AuthorsInBooks> AuthorsInBooks { get; set; }

同理更改Author表

public List<Book> Books { get; set; }改为 public List<AuthorsInBooks> AuthorsInBooks { get; set; }

添加AuthorsConfig

using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;

using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Metadata.Builders;namespace EntityFrameworkCore.ModelConfigs

{

public sealed class AuthorConfig:IEntityTypeConfiguration

{

public void Configure(EntityTypeBuilder builder)

{

builder.HasKey(q => q.ID);

builder.Property(q => q.Name).HasMaxLength().IsRequired();

builder.Property(q => q.TimeCreated).IsRequired();

}

}

}

并在FluentApiDemoDbContext中注册Author

…
public DbSet<Author> Author { get; set; }

接下来添加AuthorsInBooksConfig

using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;

using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Metadata.Builders;namespace EntityFrameworkCore.ModelConfigs

{

public sealed class AuthorsInBooksConfig:IEntityTypeConfiguration

{

public void Configure(EntityTypeBuilder builder)

{

builder.HasKey(q => new

{

q.AuthorID,

q.BookID

}); builder.HasOne(q => q.Author).WithMany(q => q.AuthorsInBooks).HasForeignKey(q => q.AuthorID);

builder.HasOne(q => q.Book).WithMany(q => q.AuthorsInBooks).HasForeignKey(q => q.BookID);

}

}

}

在管理控制台中添加迁移并更新到数据库